International Research Journal of Plant Science

Phytochemical analysis of Momordica dioica, a selected Indian medicinal plant by HR-LCMS spectra method

Swati Rangrao Jadhav and Laxmikant Haribhau Kamble^* School of Life Science, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431 606, Maharashtra, India
^*Corresponding Author:
Laxmikant Haribhau Kamble, School of Life Science, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, India, Email: lhkamble@srtmun.ac.in

Received: 21-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. IRJPS-22-57894; Editor assigned: 22-Mar-2022, Pre QC No. IRJPS-22-57894(PQ); Reviewed: 05-Apr-2022, QC No. IRJPS-22-57894; Revised: 09-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. IRJPS-22-57894(R); Published: 16-Apr-2022, DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.14303/irjps.2022.007

Introduction

The role of phytoconstitutes extracted from medicinal plants in maintaining sustainable human health documented worldwide. The traditional medicinal practices including Ayurveda, Rig-Veda (3700 B.C.), Unani and Homeopathy mentioned the use of medicinal plant products for the cure of various human diseases (Balkrishna et al., 2017; Pandey, 2013). In the last few years, many drugs were explored with low side effects from medicinal plants. There is an increasing demand for the identification of novel, potent drug molecules from medicinal plant products that are safe with low side effects to treat various diseases (Lahlou, 2013; Patra, 2012). In the phytochemical analysis of plant, the first step is the identification and isolation of bioactive phytoconstitute from the medicinal plants.

It is well known that some plant products and vegetables, which were used as dietary supplements, might reduce the effects of cancer proliferation. Hence, ethno-medicinal plants had tremendous contribution in the development drugs to prevent or treat various diseases, including the cancer also (Fatma et al., 2019). Their preventive effects might induce a decrease in cell proliferation as well as reduce cancer invasion and spread. It has been proposed that the whole-plant effects might be much better than its active components (Aggarwal et al., 2013).

In the present study, Momordica dioica plant was selected from the native places of Nanded district and their extracts were analyzed using HR-LCMS for the identification of bioactive molecules. The plant was traditionally used as an astringent, febrifuge, antiseptic, antihelmintic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic and analgesic properties (Bawara et al., 2010). The fruits of Momordica dioica shows various medicinal properties like analgesics, anti-tumorogenic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic activity and anti-cancer activity (Ahirrao et al., 2019).

Materials and Methods

Collection of sample

The fruits of the Momordica dioica plant were collected from the rural areas of Nanded district. The fruits were cleaned by washing thoroughly 2-3 times with running tap water and once sterile distilled water. It was followed by cutting into small pieces, shade drying, grinding and storing in well closed containers for further use (Revathy et al., 2015).

Extraction of Bioactive Compounds

The fruits of Momordica dioica were finely powdered and bioactive compounds were extracted with petroleum ether and acetone using a Soxhlet extractor (Redfern et al., 2014). The extracts were then collected and stored at 4°C for further analysis.

High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HR-LCMS) Methodology

The fruit extracts of Momordica dioica prepared in petroleum ether and acetone were subjected to HRLCMS analysis individually and chemical fingerprints were prepared using high-resolution liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (model-G6550A of Agilent technologies) with 0.01% mass resolution (Pitt, 2009) with following parameters:

a. MS- minimum range 150 (M/Z) and maximum 1000 daltons with scanning rate each per second.

b. The source parameter for gas chromatography was maintained at 250°C with a gas flow of 13 psi/minute.

c. The auxiliary draw speed was 100 μl/minute, eject speed at 100.0 μL/min, draw position offset 0.0 mm wait time after drawing 2.0 s, Sample flush out factor was 5.0 (Tables 1 and 2).

Results and Discussion

The High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry analysis (HR)-LCMS of petroleum ether extract of Momordica dioica fruit was found to contain 38 compounds which were confirmed based on their mass and molecular formula as shown in Table 3, chromatogram Figure 1. The chromatogram gives information on the relative concentrations of various compounds eluted as a function of retention time.

The height of the peak indicates the relative concentrations of bioactive compounds. Mass Spectrometer analyses the structure of unknown compounds which are eluted at different times. The important phytoconstituents confirmed by HR-LCMS Analysis were Clenbuterol, Lycoperdic acid, Palmitic amide, Oleamide, Milbemectin, etc. The compounds have reported various activities like antioxidant, antineoplastic, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, antiviral. Most of them were prominently reported anticancer activity. Lycoperdic acid shows the anticancer activity in the form of dietary phenolics compound which is used in cancer treatment (Anantharaju et al., 2016). The Palmitic amides were reported in the treatment for bladder cancer in the form of heterocyclic derivative of fatty acids (Jozwiak et al., 2020). Oleamide has shown the anticancer activity against the MDA-MB-231 Cell Line in In vitro Bioassay (Wisitpongpun et al., 2020). Milbemectin has shown the anticancer activity against leukemia (El-Saber et al., 2020) (Figure 1).

The Phytochemicals found in the extract including Adenosine, Cucurbic acid, Leukotriene E3, Methanophenazine, Momordicoside I, Vulgarone A, Pyropheophorbide a, Camelledionol, Azelaic acid, Retamine, Petroselinic acid were shown in Table 4. It was also reported that these compounds found in the different species of plants exhibit different pharmacological activities (Tsuchiya & Nishizaki, 2015). Among these: Leukotrienes are lipid mediators which play impotant roles in acute and chronic inflammation and allergic diseases. They also play roles in various allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and anaphylaxis (Jo-Watanabe et al., 2019). Pyropheophorbide a isolated from G. elliptica is a potential glioblastoma-specific anticancer agent without side effects on normal cells. In addition, specifically it had cytostatic activity on glioblastoma cells rather than human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Cho et al., 2014). The in vitro cytotoxic activity of azelaic acid was studied with 25 human melanoma primary cultures and with 5 established cell lines characterized by different contents of melanotic pigment (Zaffaroni et al., 1990).

The HR-LCMS High analysis of acetone extract of Momordica dioica fruit spectrum profile (Figure 2) shows 45 compounds which were confirmed based on their retention time, mass and molecular formula.

Conclusion

The petroleum ether and acetone extract of Momordica dioica fruits revealed the presence of therapeutically important bioactive phytocompounds like alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Saponins, Cardiac glycosides, Tannins, Carbohydrates, Terpenoids and Steroids using (HR)-LCMS high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis. These bioactive phytoconstitutes possess important pharmacological activities and could be useful for treating various human ailments.

Acknowledgement

The authors are immensely thankful to the DST-FIST and UGC SAP-DRS-Phase-II sponsored school of life science, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded for providing the infrastructure and necessary facilities. Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), IIT Bombay for HR-LCMS spectroscopy support. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Citation: Jadhav SR & Kamble LH (2022). Phytochemical analysis of Momordica dioica, a selected Indian medicinal plant by HR-LCMS spectra method. IRJPS.13: 007.