+44-7897-074717Mini Review - African Journal of Food Science and Technology ( 2024) Volume 15, Issue 10
, Manuscript No. AJFST-24-156534;
Nutraceuticals are food-based products that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The term "nutraceutical" is a portmanteau of "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical," reflecting their dual purpose: to nourish the body while offering therapeutic or medicinal effects. These products often contain bioactive compounds derived from natural sources, such as vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, and other bioactive substances. Nutraceuticals have gained significant attention in recent years as consumers increasingly seek preventive healthcare options and natural alternatives to pharmaceuticals. This article explores what nutraceuticals are, their types, potential health benefits, and their role in modern healthcare. Nutraceuticals can be classified into several categories based on their source and bioactive components These are everyday foods that have been enhanced or naturally contain bioactive compounds with health benefits. Examples include fortified cereals, probiotic yogurt, and functional beverages. For instance, foods enriched with omega-3 fatty acids or probiotics offer additional health benefits, such as improved heart health or enhanced gut microbiota. Dietary supplements are products taken to supplement the diet and may come in the form of pills, capsules, powders, or liquids (Anderson , et al., 2009 & Azuma , et al., 2015).
These supplements typically contain vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, or other botanicals that have a recognized health benefit. Common examples include vitamin D supplements for bone health and turmeric capsules for their anti-inflammatory properties. Herbal nutraceuticals are derived from plants and are used for their therapeutic properties. Examples include ginseng for energy and immune support, or echinacea for its potential to prevent colds. These products often contain concentrated extracts or powders from specific plant parts, such as leaves, roots, or flowers, and are known for their wide range of health benefits. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts, especially for gut health. Prebiotics, on the other hand, are non-digestible fibers that stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Both are widely regarded as important components of nutraceuticals aimed at improving digestive health. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring plant compounds that have been found to have medicinal properties. Flavonoids, carotenoids, and polyphenols are some common examples, which can be found in foods like fruits, vegetables, tea, and red wine (Bain, et al., 2013 & Brondel , et al. 2022).
These compounds are believed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Nutraceuticals can play a significant role in supporting overall health and well-being. Some of the well-documented benefits include Nutraceuticals are often used to prevent or manage chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Omega-3 fatty acids, for example, are known to reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol and reducing inflammation. Similarly, antioxidants like vitamins C and E, along with polyphenols found in green tea, may help prevent oxidative damage, which is linked to cancer and aging. Many nutraceuticals are believed to enhance immune function. Vitamin C, zinc, and echinacea, for instance, are popular for boosting immunity and preventing common illnesses like colds and flu. Probiotics, too, help maintain a healthy gut microbiota, which is essential for a well-functioning immune system. Nutraceuticals such as omega-3 fatty acids, ginkgo biloba, and curcumin have been studied for their potential to improve brain function and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's (Caporgno & Mathys 2018 & Fang , et al ., 2018).
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of these compounds may help protect brain cells from damage and improve cognitive performance. Probiotics and prebiotics are commonly used to improve gut health. Probiotics help balance the microbiome, reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and prevent diarrhea, while prebiotics promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Fiber-rich nutraceuticals also help with digestion by supporting regular bowel movements and reducing the risk of conditions like constipation and colorectal cancer. Nutraceuticals like green tea extract, conjugated linoleic acid , and Garcinia cambogia are marketed for their potential weight loss benefits. These products may help in fat burning, appetite suppression, or increasing metabolism, although their efficacy varies and requires further research (Hooper , et al ., 2015 & Lynch . et al ., 2018).
While nutraceuticals offer promising health benefits, there are some challenges and considerations associated with their use Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, nutraceuticals are often not subject to rigorous regulatory oversight, which can lead to variations in product quality, purity, and potency. In some cases, products may not contain the amounts of active ingredients claimed on the label, or they may be contaminated with harmful substances. Although many nutraceuticals have been linked to health benefits, the scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is often limited or inconclusive. More robust clinical trials are needed to validate the therapeutic claims of many nutraceutical products. Some nutraceuticals may interact with prescription medications, potentially leading to adverse effects. For example, high doses of vitamin E can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with blood-thinning medications. It’s important for consumers to consult healthcare professionals before using nutraceuticals, particularly if they are on prescribed medications (Mozaffarian , et al., 2014 & Nishida & Uauy 2009).
Nutraceuticals are an exciting and evolving field that merges the benefits of food and medicine. These food-based products offer a wide range of health benefits, from disease prevention to improved cognitive and digestive health. However, consumers must exercise caution and be informed when choosing nutraceuticals, as the quality, safety, and efficacy of these products can vary. With continued research and proper regulation, nutraceuticals have the potential to become an integral part of preventive healthcare, providing people with natural options to maintain and improve their health.
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