+443308187254Perspective - Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology ( 2024) Volume 13, Issue 1
Received: 11-Jan-2024, Manuscript No. JREST-24-124946; Editor assigned: 16-Jan-2024, Pre QC No. JREST-24-124946 (PQ); Reviewed: 30-Jan-2024, QC No. JREST-24-124946; Revised: 07-Feb-2024, Manuscript No. JREST-24-124946 (R); Published: 15-Feb-2024, DOI: 10.14303/2315-5698.2024.65
As essential to the natural world as plants, animals, rocks, landforms and rivers is soil. This provides a habitat for a variety of creatures and affects the distribution of many plant types. Soil pollution refers to the decrease in soil productivity caused by several types of contaminants that have a harmful influence on the physical, chemical and biological aspects of soil, ultimately lowering its production. Soil contamination is caused by a variety of things, including plastics, paper, bottles, radioactive waste, fertilizers, pesticides and compounds from organic manure.
Just as essential to the natural world as plants, animals, rocks, landforms and rivers is soil. This provides a home for a diverse range of creatures and affects the spread of many plant types. Soil pollution refers to the decrease in soil productivity caused by several types of soil pollutants that have a harmful influence on the physical, chemical and biological aspects of soil, ultimately lowering its production.
These contaminants can enter the soil directly or through water, where they can then enter plants, grazing animals and eventually people. These contaminants build up in the soil, break down very slowly and negatively impact both plants and the microflora that lives in the soil.
Soil contamination is caused by a variety of things, including plastics, paper, bottles, radioactive waste, fertilizers, pesticides and compounds from organic manure. These contaminants can enter the soil directly or through water, where they can then enter plants, grazing animals and eventually people. These contaminants build up in the soil, break down very slowly and negatively impact both plants and the mycoflora that lives in the soil environment.
More industrial activity and more water use globally in recent times have resulted in the release of many toxins into the environment. Both untreated waste water and various human activities can contaminate soil with heavy metals. This is especially true for areas where waste water is used as irrigation. The use of tainted water for irrigation can lead to the buildup of mutations and chemical and biological pollutants in the soil, changing its physicochemical and biological characteristics.
By decomposing organic matter and cycling nutrients, soil microorganisms are essential to soil fertility and primary production. The majority of soil microbial biomass is made up of certain microorganisms, including bacteria and fungus. Numerous studies show that the buildup of heavy metals in soils has detrimental impacts on the mycoflora in the soil, as well as the number and activity of soil microbial communities.
Heavy metals that are substantial contaminants in ground, marine and treated wastewaters are released by a variety of businesses. Recent increases in industrial activity and global water use have caused a variety of contaminants to be released into the environment. Both soil that is watered by untreated waste water and soil that comes from a variety of anthropogenic sources can become contaminated with heavy metals. Using tainted water for gardening can cause biological and chemical pollutants to build up in the soil, changing its physicochemical and biological characteristics.
Many sectors, including the production of explosives, printing, pigments, fuel, photographic materials and storage batteries, employ heavy metal extensively. Through the breakdown of organic matter and nutrient cycling, soil microorganisms are essential to soil fertility and primary production. The majority of the microorganisms that make up soil microbial biomass are some fungus and bacteria.
Numerous studies show that the buildup of heavy metals in soils has detrimental impacts on the soil microbial communities' activity, population size and mycoflora.
Heavy metals that are major contaminants in ground, marine and treated wastewater, released by many businesses. Many sectors, including the production of explosives, printing, pigments, fuels, photographic materials and storage batteries, use heavy metal extensively. Because they harm the liver, kidney, nerves, bones and functional groups of essential enzymes, heavy metals can be extremely hazardous. Heavy metal Cr (III) is necessary for human nutrition, particularly for the metabolism of glucose, however Cr (VI) compounds are hazardous and some of them can induce lung cancer. The industries of leather tanning, cement, electroplating, dyeing, metal processing, paint, pigment, textile, steel and fabrication use a lot of chromium and its compounds, which results in a lot of hazardous waste water effluents. Because heavy metals harm the liver, kidney, nerves and bones in addition to functioning groups of essential enzymes, they can be extremely hazardous. Heavy metal Cr (III) is necessary for human nutrition, particularly for the metabolism of glucose, however Cr (VI) compounds are hazardous and some of them can induce lung cancer.
The tanning of leather, cement, electroplating, dyeing, metal processing, paint, pigment, textile, steel and fabrication industries are among the many industries that employ chromium and its compounds and these sectors generate a lot of hazardous wastewater discharges.
Certain vital cellular metabolites of bacteria and protozoa can be blocked by heavy metals or they can cause interference with them. It is finally concluded that heavy metals can cause sickness in humans and animals due to their ability to create irreversible alterations in the body, particularly in the central nervous system. Heavy metals are poisonous even in very small amounts. Found that environmental chromium metal pollution can cause skin irritation that leads to the development of ulcers, as well as liver damage and pulmonary congestion. Chromium buildup can also result in decreased reproductive health and birth abnormalities.