+44-7897-074717Rapid Communication - African Journal of Food Science and Technology ( 2023) Volume 14, Issue 9
Received: 28-Aug-2023, Manuscript No. 112832; Editor assigned: 30-Aug-2023, Pre QC No. 112832; Reviewed: 06-Sep-2023, QC No. 112832; Revised: 18-Sep-2023, Manuscript No. 112832; Published: 22-Sep-2023, DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.14303//ajfst.2023.044
In the ever-evolving landscape of nutritional science, the study of nutrimiromics has emerged as a fascinating field that delves into the intricate relationship between our diet and micrornas. Micrornas, small molecules with significant regulatory roles in gene expression, have been found to be influenced by the foods we consume. This article explores the world of nutrimiromics, shedding light on how these tiny molecules wield significant influence over our dietary health. Understanding micrornas: tiny regulators of gene expression- Micrornas (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules that play a vital role in the regulation of gene expression. Despite their small size, they have a profound impact on various cellular processes by binding to messenger RNA (MRNA) and either inhibiting translation or promoting MRNA degradation. This regulatory function makes MIRNAS key players in maintaining the balance of gene expression in our cells (Khoshbin & Camilleri 2020).
The intersection of nutrients and miRNAs- Nutrition is known to be a fundamental factor influencing our overall health, and it turns out that it also plays a pivotal role in regulating miRNA expression. Several aspects of our diet, including specific nutrients and dietary patterns, have been shown to impact miRNA levels and function. Here are some ways in which nutrients and miRNAs intersect: Nutrientinduced changes in miRNA expression: Omega-3 fatty acids: omega-3 fatty acids, commonly found in fatty fish like salmon and flaxseeds, have been linked to alterations in miRNA expression patterns. These changes are associated with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. Vitamins and minerals: micronutrients like vitamin d and selenium are known to affect miRNA expression, influencing processes such as immune function and cancer prevention. Diet and epigenetic modifications: Epigenetic changes: diet can induce epigenetic modifications, which are heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence itself. MiRNAs are involved in these processes, mediating the effects of diet on gene expression. Dietary patterns and miRNA profiles: Mediterranean diet: the Mediterranean diet, characterized by its high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, has been associated with favorable miRNA profiles related to heart health and longevity. Western diet: conversely, the western diet, rich in processed foods, sugary drinks, and saturated fats, is linked to miRNA alterations associated with chronic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders (Shang et al., 2021).
Role of nutrimiromics in dietary health- Inflammation and immune response: Nutrimiromics research has shed light on how dietary choices can modulate miRNAs involved in inflammation and immune response. Chronic inflammation is a driver of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Certain dietary components, such as polyphenols in fruits and vegetables, have been found to influence miRNAs that regulate inflammation. This suggests that our food choices may play a pivotal role in reducing inflammatory responses and associated health risks. Weight management: MiRNAs are intricately involved in the regulation of adipocyte (fat cell) metabolism and the development of obesity. Nutrimiromics studies have revealed that specific dietary interventions, such as calorie restriction and balanced macronutrient composition, can impact miRNA expression patterns associated with weight management (Owen & Corfe 2017).
This knowledge offers insights into how tailored diets may help combat obesity. Cardiovascular health: Dietary patterns rich in heart-healthy nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, and antioxidants have been linked to favorable miRNA profiles related to cardiovascular health. These miRNAs influence processes such as blood pressure regulation, cholesterol metabolism, and blood vessel health. Understanding the nutrimiromic aspects of cardiovascular health can inform dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of heart disease. Cancer prevention and treatment: Nutrimiromics holds potential implications for cancer prevention and treatment. Certain dietary compounds, such as curcumin (found in turmeric) and green tea polyphenols, have been shown to modulate miRNAs associated with cancer cell growth and proliferation. These findings offer avenues for developing miRNA-targeted dietary interventions as adjunct therapies for cancer patients (Berding et al., 2021).
Neurological health: Emerging research in nutrimiromics has also explored the link between diet, mirnas, and neurological health. Diets rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and specific phytochemicals are thought to have neuroprotective effects through miRNA regulation. Understanding this connection may have implications for conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Challenges and future directions- While the field of nutrimiromics holds promise, it is not without its challenges. Research in this area is complex and requires the integration of various scientific disciplines, including genetics, nutrition, and bioinformatics. Additionally, individual responses to diet and miRNA regulation can vary widely, making personalized dietary recommendations a goal for the future (Singh et al., 2017).
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