Research Article - International Research Journal of Plant Science ( 2021) Volume 12, Issue 2
Received: 05-Apr-2021 Published: 26-Apr-2021, DOI: 10.14303/irjps.2021.009
Nowadays, hyperlipidaemia is one of the major problems prevailing among humans, indicating increased blood lipids content like LDL, HDL, VLDL, Cholesterol, and serum triglyceride. LDL (Low-Density Lipid) is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins, which transport all fat molecules around the body in extracellular fluid. LDL is not considered good for the body as it can cause atherosclerosis, if, oxidized in the wall of the artery. HDL (High- Density Lipid) is also a lipoprotein, which is considered as good fat as it transports fat from the body within the water around cells. Serum triglyceride is a type of fat in the blood. High triglyceride in the blood may be responsible for coronary artery disease especially in human females. Moreover, increased lipid content in human blood can raise the risk of many heart diseases, including heart attack. The pharmacological effects of many plants like Abelmoschus esculentus attribute to various constituents like mucilage, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides, present in all plant parts. The report suggests that okra mucilage, okra pectin, and okra fibres combat with heart diseases as it binds to cholesterol and bile acids, which carry toxins and dump it in the liver (Gemede, 2015). The present study was carried out to find out the efficacy of Abelmoschus esculentus aqueous extract to reduce Serum Triglyceride, Serum Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, VLDL Cholesterol, CHOL/HDL Cholesterol Ratio in the Human blood. Initially, the blood samples were collected prior to the administration of plant extract. Further, blood samples were taken after the 7th day, 14th day, 21st day, and 28th day of administration of whole plant extract. The blood samples were centrifuged for separating blood serum from the blood. The blood serum of each sample was analysed for lipid profile by using a fully automatic access Robertic biochemistry Analyzer (Response-90) by Diasys Company of Germany. From the current study, it can be concluded that oral ingestion of the pod extract of A. esculentus has the potential to reduce lipid content in human blood, including serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, LDL, and CHOL/HDL Cholesterol ratio
Abelmoschus esculentus, lipid profile, LDL, HDL, VLDL, cholesterol and serum triglyceride, robertic biochemistry analyzer.
The current study is aimed to find the ability of Abelmoschus esculentus pod extract to reduce Serum Triglyceride, Serum Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, VLDL Cholesterol, CHOL/HDL Cholesterol Ratio of the Human blood.
Hyperlipidaemia is one of the major problems prevailing among humans today in which there is increased blood lipids content including LDL, HDL, VLDL, Cholesterol, and serum triglyceride. LDL (Low-Density Lipid) is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins, which transport all fat molecules around the body in extracellular fluid. LDL is not considered good for the body as it can cause atherosclerosis if oxidized in the wall of the artery. HDL (High-Density Lipid) is also a lipoprotein that transports fat from the body within the water around cells. Serum triglyceride is a type of fat in the blood. High triglyceride in the blood may be responsible for coronary artery disease especially in human females. Increased lipid content in human blood can raise the risk of many heart diseases including heart attack. In the current study, an effort is being done to combat hyperlipidaemia in human blood by using pod extract of Abelmoschus esculentus (Oyelade et al., 2003). The pods of Abelmoschus esculentus are chiefly consumed as vegetables worldwide but they are also used for medicinal purposes due to their anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant properties. The pharmacological effects of Abelmoschus esculentus can be attributed to constituents like tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides, which are present in all parts of the plant (Nargis sultana et al. 2019) 1. Okra mucilage, okra pectin, and okra fibres combat heart diseases as they bind to cholesterol and bile acids and dump them in the liver (Gemede HF 2015) 3. Work Site D.B.S (P.G) College Dehradun, Tyagi Diagnostic Lab Roorkee.
Nargis Sultana Chowdhury in the year 2019 studied the Ethnomedicinal, Pharmacological, Phytochemical, and Pharmaceutical Profile of Lady’s Finger Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Esam et al. in the year 2017 studied the Antihyperlipidemic and Glucose Lowering Effect of Extract of Bioregulator Treated Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Fruits in Triton-Induced Hyperlipidaemia Rats. In 2015 Gemede HF et al. studied the nutritional quality and health benefits of Okra and found that Okra mucilage, okra pectin, and okra fibres combat with heart diseases as it binds to cholesterol and bile acids which carry toxins and dump it in the liver. In the year 2013 Sathish, Eswar worked on Abelmoschus esculentus. Sengkhamparn et al. (2009) worked on the Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.). Arapitsas (2008) Identified and quantified polyphenolic compounds from okra seeds and skins. Calisir S, Yildiz MU in 2005 studied some Physio-chemical properties of Hibiscus esculenta seeds. Kendall and Jenkins (2004) studied the maximal reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with diet.
Abelmoschus esculentus (L) is a perennial herb (grown as an annual crop in temperate zones) that belongs to the family Malvaceae and is classified within the genus of about fifteen species. The plant is popularly known as Lady’s Finger Okra/ gumbo. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world and distributed from Africa to Asia, Europe, and America, etc. Abelmoschus attains a height of about 6.6 feet with 10cm-20cm long leaves, which are orbicular, palmate, and petiolate. Flowers are axillary and solitary and yellow in colour. The green pod (fruit) is 10- 25cm long, which is generally used as vegetable food due to its nutritional value. Fruit matures in 3 to 5 months. The plant grows well in moist soil under sunny conditions and cannot grow in shad shown in Figures 1a, 1b & 1c.
Figure 1a. weight.
Figure 1b. weight.
Figure 1c. weight.
Fully automatic access Robertic biochemistry Analyzer (Response-90) by Diasys Company of Germany was used for lipid profile analysis. Blood samples were centrifuged to separate serum from the blood sample shown in Figure 2a & 2b. Plant Pod extract was prepared on daily basis by longitudinally cutting the pods of A. esculentus, the pods were then placed in clean water in a beaker and left overnight.
Figure 2a. weight.
Figure 2b. weight.
The constituents of pods were collected in water. 500 ml plant pod extract was ingested in raw state daily and the pod remains were eaten directly shown in Figure 3a, b & c. Lipid profile tests were conducted using blood serum.
Initial control blood sample was taken without ingestion of the plant extract; further blood samples were taken after ingestion of plant pod extract of A. esculentus for 28 days. Readings were recorded for lipid profile at 7th day, 14th day, 21st day and 28th day after regularly ingesting plant extract. Readings were recorded for serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, LDL, CHOL/HDL Cholesterol ratio for each blood sample shown in Figure 4a & 4b.
Figure 3a. weight.
Figure 3b. weight.
Figure 3c. weight.
Figure 4a. weight.
Figure 4b. weight.
From the current study, it can be concluded that oral ingestion of pod extract of Abelmoschus esculentus can reduce the lipid content of human blood including serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, LDL, CHOL/ HDL Cholesterol ratio. The pharmacological effects of Abelmoschus esculentus can be attributed to constituents like tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides, which are present in all parts of the plant. Okra mucilage, okra pectin, and okra fibres combat with heart diseases as it binds to cholesterol and bile acids which carry toxins and dump it in the liver.