Short Communication - International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science ( 2022) Volume 11, Issue 6
Received: 31-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. IRJAS-22-83635; Editor assigned: 02-Nov-2022, Pre QC No. IRJAS-22-83635 (PQ); Reviewed: 16-Nov-2022, QC No. IRJPS-22-83635; Revised: 21-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. IRJAS-22-83635 (R); Published: 28-Nov-2022, DOI: 10.14303/2251-0044.2022.25
Azotobacter chroococcum, Inoculant, Microbiological fertilizer, Plant chlorophyll, Carotenoids, Air pollution, Quantification, Photosynthetic pigments
The organic preparations containing microorganisms known as biofertilizers, often referred to as bio inoculants, are advantageous to agricultural productivity in terms of nutrient delivery, particularly with respect to N and P. They quickly grow and form a dense population in the rhizosphere when treated as a soil application, seed treatment, seedling root dip, or other soil application. In uncultivated soils and the rhizosphere of crop plants, Azotobacter populations are often low (Kimes DS et al., 1980). This organism's presence in the rhizosphere of several crop plants, including rice, maize, sugarcane, bajra, vegetables, and plantation crops, has been documented (Arun, 2007). They obtain sustenance from the soil's organic matter and root exudates, and they fix atmospheric nitrogen (Maryenko, 1964). Through the use of biofertilizers, atmospheric N can be The process of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) solubilizes plant nutrients like phosphates and promotes plant development by synthesising chemicals that encourage plant growth. The C: N ratio of the BNF process is 20:1, showing the stability of the biofertilizer. Under in vitro circumstances, the isolated Azotobacter culture fixes about 10 mg nitrogen g-1 of carbon source. They are also environmentally friendly and less expensive. In 1901, soil samples from Holland were used to create the first species of the genus Azotobacter, known as Azotobacter chroococcum family Azotobacteriaceae. The majority of heterotrophic free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Azotobacter, are found in neutral or alkaline soils (Chen JM et al., 1996).
The process of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) solubilizes plant nutrients like phosphates and promotes plant development by synthesising chemicals that encourage plant growth. The C: N ratio of the BNF process is 20:1, showing the stability of the biofertilizer. Under in vitro circumstances, the isolated Azotobacter culture fixes about 10 mg nitrogen g-1 of carbon source. They are also environmentally friendly and less expensive. In 1901, soil samples from Holland were used to create the first species of the genus Azotobacter, known as Azotobacter chroococcum family Azotobacteriaceae. The majority of heterotrophic free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Azotobacter, are found in neutral or alkaline soils. a crucial part in the photosynthetic process and additionally guard chlorophyll against photooxidative damage. Photosynthesis becomes inactive when environmental contamination is introduced to plants at levels above what is typically physiologically safe. The plant leaf samples used in this experiment were continuously exposed to air pollutants (polluted areasindustrial areas, automobile areas, and less polluted areasjungle), and as a result, they had absorbed, accumulated, and integrated pollutants on their surface and displayed specific responses. Plants can therefore be employed as bioindicators in a variety of study fields(Ross J et al ., 1981).
Production of growth agents and the effects they have
Growth agents, often known as plant hormones, are organic compounds that both plants and microbes create. Certain physiological-biochemical processes in plants and microbes are stimulated or inhibited by them. When tryptophan was added to the medium, Azotobacter formed indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), as demonstrated by Brakel and Hilger. Only trace levels of IAA were discovered by Hennequin and Blachere in ancient cultures of Azotobacter that had not been given tryptophan. Auxins, cytokinins, and GA-like compounds are produced by bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, and they are the main factors regulating tomato growth enhancement (Myneni RB et al., 1994).
Changes in photosynthetic pigment
physiological traits of specific plant species exposed to cement dust pollution . Comparisons were made between the outcomes from contaminated and unpolluted Azadirachta indica, Nerium oleander, Mangifera indica, and Dalbergia sissoo. Due to air pollution, plants often displayed a decrease in photosynthetic pigments. Chlorophyll 'a' and 'b' content in Azadirachta indica, Nerium oleander, Mangifera indica, and Dalbergia sissoo significantly decreased over the course of the study. But the total carotenoids of the chosen plant species have not changed significantly.