A dangerous and prevalent chronic disease, type 2 diabetes is caused by a complicated interaction between genes, environment, and additional risk factors like obesity and sedentary behaviour. With high rates of diabetes-related morbidity and death, type 2 diabetes and its consequences are a significant global public health issue that affect practically all populations in both developed and developing nations. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more and more common, and both developing nations and populations that are being "westernised" or modernised have high prevalence rates. It is necessary to develop new effective therapy strategies and suitable prevention measures for the control of type 2 diabetes due to the multiplicity of risk factors for the disease, the delayed diagnosis until micro- and macrovascular complications appear, life-threatening complications, failure of the current therapies, and the financial costs associated with the treatment of this illness. The epidemiology of type 2 diabetes, the roles of genes, lifestyle, and other variables leading to the sharp rise in type 2 diabetes incidence are all summarised here. The main objectives are to present novel therapeutic approaches and financially sensible type 2 diabetes intervention trials.
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