Haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling are some of the phases that make up the complex process of wound healing, which is controlled by numerous signals. The main cell types involved in wound healing are keratinocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Since cells detect hypoxic conditions and alter their gene expression in response, hypoxia plays a crucial role in this process. This investigation examined the in vitro expression of 77 genes in human keratinocytes (HaCaT), microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), differentiated macrophages (THP-1), and dermal fibroblasts that are involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, cell development, proliferation, and death (HDF). The results showed that hypoxia-induced gene expression profiles were cell-type specific. Most of the genes regulated by hypoxia in HMEC-1 and differentiated THP-1 encode angiogenesis-related proteins or cytokines and growth factors. Hypoxia mostly influenced the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cell metabolism in HaCaT and HDF. This research may contribute to a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which a hypoxic environment affects wound healing (Canals et al., 2022).
Eukaryotes frequently experience various types of stress. Eukaryotes engage stress-response pathways and control gene expression to adapt to such conditions. Transcription, RNA processing, RNA transport, and translation are only a few of the numerous processes involved in eukaryotic gene expression. We concentrate on both transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls of gene expression under hypoxic settings in this review study. The transcriptional controls mediated by different transcription factors, such as Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs), are described in the first section of the review. In the second section, we discuss how splicing factors and their kinases regulate RNA splicing in hypoxic environments. This article reviews and discusses recent research on the two gene expression mechanisms in hypoxic environments (Nasako et al., 2020).
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