Background: Supporting children's long-term health and well-being necessitates establishing healthy eating and physical activity habits early. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the connection between elementary school students' academic performance and health-related behaviours in a school board in Nova Scotia, Canada. Methods: In our population-based study, students in grades 4–6 from 18 rural schools were included. Diet and active work were surveyed through approved instruments. Measures of students' academic performance in English Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics were obtained from the school board. Multilevel logistic regression was used to look at how health behavior and academic performance were related to one another. Results: Compared to students with healthy lifestyle behavior, students with unhealthy lifestyle behavior were more likely to have poor academic performance in both ELA and Mathematics. LA consumption, physical activity, and associations with diet quality were all statistically significant; and skipping breakfast, not exercising during morning recess, and not exercising after school for mathematics. Diet and physical activity had no effect on one another, and the two exposures had no effect on each other. Conclusions: According to our findings, encouraging students to engage in healthy behaviours may contribute to better academic performance
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